---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Saying "I was wrong" and laughing with… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conduct of a pupil who abandons a mistaken belief upon being shown clear evidence? Exam question 1 of lesson 190 «Saying "I was wrong" and laughing without being cruel» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependen
---

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# Exam question 1 · Saying "I was wrong" and laughing without being cruel

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conduct of a pupil who abandons a mistaken belief upon being shown clear evidence?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** pupil, mistaken belief · **What happens:** follow, characteris, abandon, show, conduct · **To what, where:** conduct, mistaken belief, clear evidence, pupil

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 190 «Saying "I was wrong" and laughing without being cruel» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conduct of a pupil who abandons a mistaken belief upon being shown clear evidence?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	conduct	conduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	abandons	abandon	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	mistaken	mistaken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	belief	belief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
19	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
22	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the conduct of a pupil |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **abandon** | present | a pupil | a mistaken belief |  |  |  |  | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme belief=Source |
| 4 | **show** | gerund · passive | a mistaken belief *not said here* | clear evidence |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: evidence=Recipient |
| 5 | **conduct** |  |  | a pupil |  |  |  |  | nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a sign of sound reasoning

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel:e1:o1:1
# text = It is a sign of sound reasoning
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a sign |  |  |  | of sound reasoning | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is contrary to the practice of scientists

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel:e1:o2:1
# text = It is contrary to the practice of scientists
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	contrary	contrary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | to the practice of scientists; contrary *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **practice** |  |  | scientists |  |  |  |  | nom practice «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a sign of weakness of character

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel:e1:o3:1
# text = It is a sign of weakness of character
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	weakness	weakness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a sign |  |  |  | of weakness of character | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is permissible only for adults

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel:e1:o4:1
# text = It is permissible only for adults
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	permissible	permissible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | for adults; permissible *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Saying "I was wrong" and laughing with…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel/t12/)
- next →: [Saying "I was wrong" and laughing with…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Saying "I was wrong" and laughing without being cruel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel/)