--- title: On an island whose inhabitants either always speak truly or always s… — Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★ · tree and pragmatics description: On an island whose inhabitants either always speak truly or always speak falsely, identify the statement which no inhabitant can make. Exam question 4 of lesson 193 «Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the qu --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/e4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/) / e4 # Exam question 4 · Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★ On an island whose inhabitants either always speak truly or always speak falsely, identify the statement which no inhabitant can make. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** inhabitants, inhabitant · **What happens:** speak, identify, make · **To what, where:** island, statement · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is exam question 4 of lesson 193 «Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/#e4). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:e4:1 # text = On an island whose inhabitants either always speak truly or always speak falsely, identify the statement which no inhabitant can make. 1 On on ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 island island NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 4 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 inhabitants inhabitant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 6 either either CCONJ CC _ 8 cc:preconj _ _ 7 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 8 advmod _ _ 8 speak speak VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 truly truly ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 10 or or CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 12 advmod _ _ 12 speak speak VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 13 falsely falsely ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 statement statement NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 22 obj _ _ 19 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 20 det _ _ 20 inhabitant inhabitant NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 21 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 22 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 23 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | infinitive | inhabitants | | | a island | | always *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | infinitive | inhabitants *not said here* | | | | | always, falsely, truly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **identify** | infinitive | inhabitants *not said here* | the statement | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent statement=Theme | | 4 | **make** | can | no inhabitant | the statement | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset which=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} "You are a liar" ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:e4:o1:1 # text = "You are a liar" 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 You you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 liar liar NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 6 " " PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | You | a liar | | | | | tree rules | ### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2} "I am a liar" ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:e4:o2:1 # text = "I am a liar" 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 3 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 liar liar NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 6 " " PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | I | a liar | | | | | tree rules | ### Option 3 {#o3} "Snow is white" ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:e4:o3:1 # text = "Snow is white" 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 Snow snow NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 white white ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 5 " " PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Snow | | | | | white *property* | tree rules | ### Option 4 {#o4} "I speak the truth" ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:e4:o4:1 # text = "I speak the truth" 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 speak speak VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 truth truth NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 6 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present | I | the truth | | | | | tree rules | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/e3/) - next →: [Olympiad: everyday reasoning ★★★, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/194-olympiad-everyday-reasoning/t1/) - ↑ back to [Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/)