---
title: A man on the island grins: "I am a liar." Ellie: "Sus. That's imposs… — Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★ · tree and pragmatics
description: A man on the island grins: "I am a liar." Ellie: "Sus. That's impossible here." Why is she right? Test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 193 «Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice
---

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# Test 3 · ★★★ · Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A man on the island grins: "I am a liar." Ellie: "Sus. That's impossible here." Why is she right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** man, I, That, Ellie · **What happens:** grin, be · **To what, where:** liar · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 193 «Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A man on the island grins: "I am a liar."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:t3:1
# text = A man on the island grins: "I am a liar."
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	grins	grin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	liar	liar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grin** | present | a man on the island |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | I | a liar |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ellie: "Sus.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:t3:2
# text = Ellie: "Sus.
1	Ellie	Ellie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Sus	sus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* That's impossible here."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:t3:3
# text = That's impossible here."
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | That |  |  | here |  | impossible *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* Why is she right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:t3:4
# text = Why is she right?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	right	right	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Ellie |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only truth-tellers can say it, so he must be one

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:t3:o1:1
# text = Only truth-tellers can say it, so he must be one
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	tellers	teller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | can | truth tellers | it |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | must | he | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only liars can say it, so he must be one of them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:t3:o2:1
# text = Only liars can say it, so he must be one of them
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	liars	liar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | can | liars | it |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | must | he | one |  |  |  | of liars *= liar* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Liars on the island are never allowed to talk

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:t3:o3:1
# text = Liars on the island are never allowed to talk
1	Liars	liar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **allow** | present · passive |  | Liars on the island |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **talk** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Liars on the island *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A truth-teller can't say it and a liar can't either

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:t3:o4:1
# text = A truth-teller can't say it and a liar can't either
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	teller	teller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	liar	liar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
14	either	either	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | can | a truth teller | it |  |  |  | either *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/t2/)
- next →: [Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★, test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/t4/)
- ↑ back to [Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/)