---
title: Grandpa from Pittsburgh: "Yinz know some cats are black and some bla… — Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★ · tree and pragmatics
description: Grandpa from Pittsburgh: "Yinz know some cats are black and some black things are bats, so some cats are bats." What's the best reply? Test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 193 «Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the quest
---

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# Test 6 · ★★★ · Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa from Pittsburgh: "Yinz know some cats are black and some black things are bats, so some cats are bats." What's the best reply?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Yinz, cats, black things, best reply · **What happens:** know, be · **To what, where:** bats · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 193 «Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/#t6).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Grandpa from Pittsburgh: "Yinz know some cats are black and some black things are bats, so some cats are bats."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:t6:1
# text = Grandpa from Pittsburgh: "Yinz know some cats are black and some black things are bats, so some cats are bats."
1	Grandpa	grandpa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Pittsburgh	Pittsburgh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Yinz	Yinz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	appos	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
13	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	det	_	_
14	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
20	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	det	_	_
21	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** *in a quote* | present | Yinz |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | some cats |  |  |  |  | black *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | some black things | bats |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | some cats | bats |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's the best reply?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:t6:2
# text = What's the best reply?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	reply	reply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the best reply |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He's right; it follows straight from the two facts given

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:t6:o1:1
# text = He's right; it follows straight from the two facts given
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
7	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
12	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **follow** | present | it | the two facts |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme |
| 3 | **give** | participle |  | the two facts *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only black cats can be bats

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:t6:o2:1
# text = Only black cats can be bats
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | black cats | bats |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats can be cats at night only

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:t6:o3:1
# text = Bats can be cats at night only
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | Bats | cats |  |  | night |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That doesn't follow; they can be different animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then:t6:o4:1
# text = That doesn't follow; they can be different animals
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
9	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **follow** | present · do-support | That |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | can | they | different animals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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