---
title: Determine the reason for which oblique sunlight warms the ground to… — The seasons and the tilt of the axis · tree and pragmatics
description: Determine the reason for which oblique sunlight warms the ground to a lesser degree than sunlight arriving from overhead. Exam question 4 of lesson 2 «The seasons and the tilt of the axis» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of ea
---

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# Exam question 4 · The seasons and the tilt of the axis

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Determine the reason for which oblique sunlight warms the ground to a lesser degree than sunlight arriving from overhead.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, oblique sunlight, sunlight · **What happens:** determine, warm, arrive · **To what, where:** reason, ground, overhead

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 2 «The seasons and the tilt of the axis» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:2-seasons-and-the-tilt:e4:1
# text = Determine the reason for which oblique sunlight warms the ground to a lesser degree than sunlight arriving from overhead.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
6	oblique	oblique	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	warms	warm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	lesser	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	14	amod	_	_
14	degree	degree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	than	than	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
17	arriving	arrive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	overhead	overhead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 2 | **warm** | present | oblique sunlight | the ground |  |  |  | for the reason; to a lesser degree; than sunlight | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent ground=Patient |
| 3 | **arrive** | gerund | sunlight *not said here* |  |  | overhead |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from overhead=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is distributed over a greater area of ground

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:2-seasons-and-the-tilt:e4:o1:1
# text = It is distributed over a greater area of ground
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	distributed	distribute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **distribute** | present · passive |  | It |  | a greater area of ground |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It travels a shorter distance from the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:2-seasons-and-the-tilt:e4:o2:1
# text = It travels a shorter distance from the Sun
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	travels	travel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | present | It | a shorter distance |  | the Sun |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location distance=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It contains a greater proportion of cold rays

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:2-seasons-and-the-tilt:e4:o3:1
# text = It contains a greater proportion of cold rays
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	contains	contain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	proportion	proportion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | present | It | a greater proportion of cold rays |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot proportion=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is reflected entirely by the atmosphere

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:2-seasons-and-the-tilt:e4:o4:1
# text = It is reflected entirely by the atmosphere
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	reflected	reflect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | present · passive | the atmosphere | It |  |  |  | entirely *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The seasons and the tilt of the axis, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/e3/)
- next →: [The Moon and its phases, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/3-the-moon-and-its-phases/t1/)
- ↑ back to [The seasons and the tilt of the axis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/)