---
title: why's it so cold in winter if the Sun's still out — The seasons and the tilt of the axis · tree and pragmatics
description: why's it so cold in winter if the Sun's still out Test 10 · ★ of lesson 2 «The seasons and the tilt of the axis» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 10 · ★ · The seasons and the tilt of the axis

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
why's it so cold in winter if the Sun's still out

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** it · **What happens:** be

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 2 «The seasons and the tilt of the axis» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/#t10).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:2-seasons-and-the-tilt:t10:1
# text = why's it so cold in winter if the Sun's still out
1	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	still	still	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	out	out	ADV	RB	_	5	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  | winter | cold *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sunlight comes in low and slanted, so it warms less

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:2-seasons-and-the-tilt:t10:o1:1
# text = The sunlight comes in low and slanted, so it warms less
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	slanted	slanted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	warms	warm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come in** | present | the sunlight |  |  |  |  | low *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **warm** | present | sunlight |  |  |  |  | less *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Winter clouds soak up all the Sun's heat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:2-seasons-and-the-tilt:t10:o2:1
# text = Winter clouds soak up all the Sun's heat
1	Winter	Winter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	soak	soak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **soak up** | present | Winter clouds | the Sun's heat |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent heat=Source |
| 2 | **heat** |  | the Sun |  |  |  |  |  | nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sun gives out less heat in winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:2-seasons-and-the-tilt:t10:o3:1
# text = The Sun gives out less heat in winter
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give out** | present | the Sun | less heat |  |  | winter |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sun is much farther away from us in winter than in summer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:2-seasons-and-the-tilt:t10:o4:1
# text = The Sun is much farther away from us in winter than in summer
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	much	much	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	farther	far	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	than	than	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Sun |  |  |  | winter | from us; away, far *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The seasons and the tilt of the axis, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/t9/)
- next →: [The seasons and the tilt of the axis, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/t11/)
- ↑ back to [The seasons and the tilt of the axis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/)