---
title: It is given that a lake freezes at its surface in winter. Ascertain… — Clever reasoning about water and matter · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a lake freezes at its surface in winter. Ascertain the usual temperature of its deepest water. Exam question 2 of lesson 20 «Clever reasoning about water and matter» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opt
---

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# Exam question 2 · Clever reasoning about water and matter

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a lake freezes at its surface in winter. Ascertain the usual temperature of its deepest water.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** lake, you · **What happens:** give, freeze, ascertain · **To what, where:** It, surface, usual temperature

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 20 «Clever reasoning about water and matter» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/#e2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a lake freezes at its surface in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:e2:1
# text = It is given that a lake freezes at its surface in winter.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	freezes	freeze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **freeze** | present | a lake |  |  | lake's surface | winter |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the usual temperature of its deepest water.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:e2:2
# text = Ascertain the usual temperature of its deepest water.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	deepest	deep	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the usual temperature of temperature's deepest water |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Approximately four degrees Celsius

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:e2:o1:1
# text = Approximately four degrees Celsius
1	Approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	Celsius	Celsius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Zero degrees Celsius, like the ice above

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:e2:o2:1
# text = Zero degrees Celsius, like the ice above
1	Zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	Celsius	Celsius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
8	above	above	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Twenty degrees Celsius, as in summer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:e2:o3:1
# text = Twenty degrees Celsius, as in summer
1	Twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	Celsius	Celsius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Minus ten degrees Celsius, or colder still

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:e2:o4:1
# text = Minus ten degrees Celsius, or colder still
1	Minus	minus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	Celsius	Celsius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	colder	cold	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	conj	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Clever reasoning about water and matter, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/e1/)
- next →: [Clever reasoning about water and matter, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Clever reasoning about water and matter](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/)