---
title: In the same cold weather, a lake freezes over but the sea beside it… — Clever reasoning about water and matter · tree and pragmatics
description: In the same cold weather, a lake freezes over but the sea beside it does not freeze. What is the best explanation? Test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 20 «Clever reasoning about water and matter» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opt
---

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# Test 5 · ★★★ · Clever reasoning about water and matter

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the same cold weather, a lake freezes over but the sea beside it does not freeze. What is the best explanation?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** lake, sea, best explanation · **What happens:** freeze over, not freeze, be · **To what, where:** same cold weather

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 20 «Clever reasoning about water and matter» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In the same cold weather, a lake freezes over but the sea beside it does not freeze.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:t5:1
# text = In the same cold weather, a lake freezes over but the sea beside it does not freeze.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	freezes	freeze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	over	over	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
14	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	_
16	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	freeze	freeze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze over** | present | a lake |  |  | the same cold weather |  | over *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **freeze** | present · do-support | the sea beside lake |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is the best explanation?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:t5:2
# text = What is the best explanation?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	explanation	explanation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the best explanation |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seawater is always warmer from the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:t5:o1:1
# text = Seawater is always warmer from the Sun
1	Seawater	seawater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	warmer	warm	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Seawater |  |  | the Sun |  | always, warm *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seawater is salty and freezes at a lower temperature

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:t5:o2:1
# text = Seawater is salty and freezes at a lower temperature
1	Seawater	seawater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	salty	salty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	freezes	freeze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Seawater |  |  |  |  | salty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **freeze** | present | Seawater *not said here* |  |  | a lower temperature |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fish in the sea keep the water warm

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:t5:o3:1
# text = Fish in the sea keep the water warm
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Fish in the sea | the water |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seawater is heavier than lake water, so it cannot freeze

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:t5:o4:1
# text = Seawater is heavier than lake water, so it cannot freeze
1	Seawater	seawater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	heavier	heavy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	freeze	freeze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Seawater |  |  |  |  | than lake water; heavy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **freeze** | can | Seawater |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Clever reasoning about water and matter, test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/t4/)
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