---
title: Why does your breath make a white cloud on a frosty day but not on a… — Clever reasoning about water and matter · tree and pragmatics
description: Why does your breath make a white cloud on a frosty day but not on a warm day? Test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 20 «Clever reasoning about water and matter» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 9 · ★★★ · Clever reasoning about water and matter

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why does your breath make a white cloud on a frosty day but not on a warm day?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** breath · **What happens:** make · **To what, where:** white cloud

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This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 20 «Clever reasoning about water and matter» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/#t9).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:t9:1
# text = Why does your breath make a white cloud on a frosty day but not on a warm day?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	frosty	frosty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · do-support | your breath | a white cloud |  |  | day |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cloud=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cold air freezes your breath at once and turns it into tiny flakes of snow

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:t9:o1:1
# text = Cold air freezes your breath at once and turns it into tiny flakes of snow
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	freezes	freeze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	flakes	flake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | present | Cold air | your breath |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient breath=Result |
| 2 | **turn** | present | Cold air *not said here* | breath |  | tiny flakes of snow |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme into flake=Trajectory |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In winter breath has smoke in it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:t9:o2:1
# text = In winter breath has smoke in it
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present |  | smoke |  | winter breath |  | in smoke | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smoke=Patient |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cold air cools the vapour in your breath so it condenses into droplets

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:t9:o3:1
# text = Cold air cools the vapour in your breath so it condenses into droplets
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cools	cool	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	vapour	vapour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	condenses	condense	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	droplets	droplet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool** | present | Cold air | the vapour |  | your breath |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent vapour=Patient |
| 2 | **condense** | present | air |  |  | droplets |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In summer we breathe out no water at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:20-reasoning-water-and-matter:t9:o4:1
# text = In summer we breathe out no water at all
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe out** | present | we | no water |  | all | summer |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Clever reasoning about water and matter, test 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/t8/)
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