---
title: A boy says a giraffe got a long neck by stretching to reach leaves a… — Habitats and adaptations · tree and pragmatics
description: A boy says a giraffe got a long neck by stretching to reach leaves all its life. What is right? Test 4 · ★★ of lesson 27 «Habitats and adaptations» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 4 · ★★ · Habitats and adaptations

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A boy says a giraffe got a long neck by stretching to reach leaves all its life. What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** boy, giraffe · **What happens:** say, get, stretch, reach, be · **To what, where:** long neck, leaves · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 27 «Habitats and adaptations» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/27-habitats-and-adaptations/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A boy says a giraffe got a long neck by stretching to reach leaves all its life.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:27-habitats-and-adaptations:t4:1
# text = A boy says a giraffe got a long neck by stretching to reach leaves all its life.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	stretching	stretch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
14	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
15	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	17	det:predet	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **get** | past | a giraffe | a long neck |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer neck=Stimulus |
| 3 | **stretch** | gerund | a giraffe *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **reach** | to-infinitive | a giraffe *not said here* | leaves |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Beneficiary life=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:27-habitats-and-adaptations:t4:2
# text = What is right?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long necks developed over many generations

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:27-habitats-and-adaptations:t4:o1:1
# text = Long necks developed over many generations
1	Long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	necks	neck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	developed	develop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	generations	generation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **develop** | past | Long necks |  |  |  | over many generations |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over generation=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Necks grow when animals eat a lot

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:27-habitats-and-adaptations:t4:o2:1
# text = Necks grow when animals eat a lot
1	Necks	neck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Necks |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **eat** | present | animals | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Giraffes were born with short necks

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:27-habitats-and-adaptations:t4:o3:1
# text = Giraffes were born with short necks
1	Giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	necks	neck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past · passive |  | Giraffes |  |  |  | with short necks | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is right, stretching all its life made it longer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:27-habitats-and-adaptations:t4:o4:1
# text = He is right, stretching all its life made it longer
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	stretching	stretch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stretch** | gerund |  | its life |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent life=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | past | stretching | life |  |  |  | long *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Habitats and adaptations, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/27-habitats-and-adaptations/t3/)
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