---
title: A moth is brown and speckled and rests on tree bark. How does this h… — Habitats and adaptations · tree and pragmatics
description: A moth is brown and speckled and rests on tree bark. How does this help it? Test 5 · ★★ of lesson 27 «Habitats and adaptations» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 5 · ★★ · Habitats and adaptations

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A moth is brown and speckled and rests on tree bark. How does this help it?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** moth, this · **What happens:** be, speckle, rest, help · **To what, where:** tree bark, moth

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 27 «Habitats and adaptations» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/27-habitats-and-adaptations/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A moth is brown and speckled and rests on tree bark.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:27-habitats-and-adaptations:t5:1
# text = A moth is brown and speckled and rests on tree bark.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	moth	moth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	speckled	speckle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	rests	rest	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a moth |  |  |  |  | brown *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **speckle** | participle | a moth *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **rest** | present | a moth *not said here* |  |  | tree bark |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on bark=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How does this help it?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:27-habitats-and-adaptations:t5:2
# text = How does this help it?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present · do-support | this | moth |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It helps the moth find food

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:27-habitats-and-adaptations:t5:o1:1
# text = It helps the moth find food
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	moth	moth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	xcomp	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | It | the moth |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent moth=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | present | the moth *not said here* | food |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It makes the moth taste bad

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:27-habitats-and-adaptations:t5:o2:1
# text = It makes the moth taste bad
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	moth	moth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	taste	taste	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	xcomp	_	_
6	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | It | the moth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **taste** | present | the moth *not said here* |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds find it hard to see

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:27-habitats-and-adaptations:t5:o3:1
# text = Birds find it hard to see
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present | Birds | it |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It keeps the moth warm

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:27-habitats-and-adaptations:t5:o4:1
# text = It keeps the moth warm
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	moth	moth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | It | the moth |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moth=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Habitats and adaptations, test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/27-habitats-and-adaptations/t4/)
- next →: [Habitats and adaptations, test 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/27-habitats-and-adaptations/t6/)
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