---
title: Identify the principal reason for which frogs become slow and inacti… — Migration and hibernation · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which frogs become slow and inactive in winter. Exam question 4 of lesson 28 «Migration and hibernation» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 4 · Migration and hibernation

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which frogs become slow and inactive in winter.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, frogs · **What happens:** identify, become · **To what, where:** principal reason

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This is exam question 4 of lesson 28 «Migration and hibernation» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/28-migration-and-hibernation/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:28-migration-and-hibernation:e4:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which frogs become slow and inactive in winter.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
7	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	become	become	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	inactive	inactive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **become** | present | frogs |  |  |  |  | for the principal reason; slow *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are unable to maintain their own bodily warmth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:28-migration-and-hibernation:e4:o1:1
# text = They are unable to maintain their own bodily warmth
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	maintain	maintain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	bodily	bodily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | unable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **maintain** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | their own bodily warmth |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent warmth=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are migrating beneath the ice

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:28-migration-and-hibernation:e4:o2:1
# text = They are migrating beneath the ice
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	migrating	migrate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **migrate** | present · progressive | They |  |  |  |  | beneath the ice | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are protecting their eggs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:28-migration-and-hibernation:e4:o3:1
# text = They are protecting their eggs
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	protecting	protect	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present · progressive | They | their eggs |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Beneficiary |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They have consumed excessive food

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:28-migration-and-hibernation:e4:o4:1
# text = They have consumed excessive food
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	consumed	consume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consume** | present · perfect | They | excessive food |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Asset |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Migration and hibernation, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/28-migration-and-hibernation/e3/)
- next →: [Classifying unusual animals, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/29-classifying-unusual-animals/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Migration and hibernation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/28-migration-and-hibernation/)