---
title: Why must a whale come up to the surface again and again? — Classifying unusual animals · tree and pragmatics
description: Why must a whale come up to the surface again and again? Test 8 · ★★ of lesson 29 «Classifying unusual animals» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 8 · ★★ · Classifying unusual animals

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why must a whale come up to the surface again and again?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** whale · **What happens:** come up · **To what, where:** surface

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 29 «Classifying unusual animals» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/29-classifying-unusual-animals/#t8).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:29-classifying-unusual-animals:t8:1
# text = Why must a whale come up to the surface again and again?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	whale	whale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	again	again	ADV	RB	_	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come up** | must | a whale |  |  | the surface | again |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to surface=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To breathe air with its lungs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:29-classifying-unusual-animals:t8:o1:1
# text = To breathe air with its lungs
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | to-infinitive |  | air |  |  |  | with air's lungs | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To catch the birds flying above the sea

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:29-classifying-unusual-animals:t8:o2:1
# text = To catch the birds flying above the sea
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	catch	catch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	above	above	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | to-infinitive |  | the birds |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme |
| 2 | **fly** | gerund | the birds *not said here* |  |  | the sea |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above sea=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To clean the sand out of its gills

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:29-classifying-unusual-animals:t8:o3:1
# text = To clean the sand out of its gills
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	clean	clean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | to-infinitive |  | the sand |  | sand's gills |  |  | vn clear-10.3 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent sand=Theme out gill=Source |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To warm up in the bright sunshine

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:29-classifying-unusual-animals:t8:o4:1
# text = To warm up in the bright sunshine
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	warm	warm	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warm up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | in the bright sunshine | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient in sunshine=Instrument |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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