---
title: Tom stands in a dark room with a lamp and holds a ball at arm's leng… — The Moon and its phases · tree and pragmatics
description: Tom stands in a dark room with a lamp and holds a ball at arm's length, turning slowly around. What does he see? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 3 «The Moon and its phases» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice wa
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · The Moon and its phases

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom stands in a dark room with a lamp and holds a ball at arm's length, turning slowly around. What does he see?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Tom · **What happens:** stand, hold, turn, see · **To what, where:** dark room, ball, length

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 3 «The Moon and its phases» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/3-the-moon-and-its-phases/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Tom stands in a dark room with a lamp and holds a ball at arm's length, turning slowly around.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:3-the-moon-and-its-phases:t1:1
# text = Tom stands in a dark room with a lamp and holds a ball at arm's length, turning slowly around.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
20	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	around	around	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | Tom |  |  | a dark room with a lamp |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in room=Location |
| 2 | **hold** | present | Tom *not said here* | a ball |  | arm's length |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent ball=Theme at length=Location |
| 3 | **turn** | gerund | Tom *not said here* |  |  |  |  | around *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What does he see?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:3-the-moon-and-its-phases:t1:2
# text = What does he see?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present · do-support | Tom |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball is always fully dark

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:3-the-moon-and-its-phases:t1:o1:1
# text = The ball is always fully dark
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	6	advmod	_	_
5	fully	fully	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the ball |  |  |  |  | always, dark, fully *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball is always fully lit

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:3-the-moon-and-its-phases:t1:o2:1
# text = The ball is always fully lit
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	6	advmod	_	_
5	fully	fully	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	lit	lit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lit** | present · passive |  | the ball |  |  |  | always, fully *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball changes colour

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:3-the-moon-and-its-phases:t1:o3:1
# text = The ball changes colour
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | the ball | colour |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lit part of the ball grows and shrinks like the Moon's phases

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:3-the-moon-and-its-phases:t1:o4:1
# text = The lit part of the ball grows and shrinks like the Moon's phases
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lit	lit	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	shrinks	shrink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	phases	phase	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | the lit part of the ball |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shrink** | present | the lit part of the ball *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like the Moon's phases | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [The seasons and the tilt of the axis, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/e4/)
- next →: [The Moon and its phases, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/3-the-moon-and-its-phases/t2/)
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