---
title: my brother says the moon's got phases cos the Earth's shadow falls o… — The Moon and its phases · tree and pragmatics
description: my brother says the moon's got phases cos the Earth's shadow falls on it. true? Test 12 · ★ of lesson 3 «The Moon and its phases» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 12 · ★ · The Moon and its phases

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
my brother says the moon's got phases cos the Earth's shadow falls on it. true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** brother, got phases, Earth · **What happens:** say, get, fall, shadow · **To what, where:** shadow · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 3 «The Moon and its phases» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/3-the-moon-and-its-phases/#t12).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:3-the-moon-and-its-phases:t12:1
# text = my brother says the moon's got phases cos the Earth's shadow falls on it. true?
1	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	phases	phase	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
9	cos	cos	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
18	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | my brother |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **get** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **fall** | present | the moon's got phases |  |  | shadow |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on it=Location |
| 4 | **shadow** |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, we just see different amounts of its sunlit half

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:3-the-moon-and-its-phases:t12:o1:1
# text = No, we just see different amounts of its sunlit half
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	just	just	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	sunlit	sunlit	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | we | different amounts of its sunlit half |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer amount=Stimulus |
| 2 | **amount** |  |  | its sunlit half |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, the Earth's shadow makes every phase

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:3-the-moon-and-its-phases:t12:o2:1
# text = Yes, the Earth's shadow makes every phase
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	phase	phase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the Earth's shadow | every phase |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset phase=Product |
| 2 | **shadow** |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, clouds on the Moon make the phases

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:3-the-moon-and-its-phases:t12:o3:1
# text = No, clouds on the Moon make the phases
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	phases	phase	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | clouds on the Moon | the phases |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset phase=Product |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, but only the full moon is from the shadow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:3-the-moon-and-its-phases:t12:o4:1
# text = Yes, but only the full moon is from the shadow
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	11	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the full moon |  |  | the shadow |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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