---
title: You straighten your arm to reach a book on a shelf. Which muscle is… — The skeleton and muscles · tree and pragmatics
description: You straighten your arm to reach a book on a shelf. Which muscle is pulling? Test 1 of lesson 31 «The skeleton and muscles» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 1 · The skeleton and muscles

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You straighten your arm to reach a book on a shelf. Which muscle is pulling?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** You, muscle · **What happens:** straighten, reach, pull · **To what, where:** arm, book, shelf

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This is test 1 of lesson 31 «The skeleton and muscles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* You straighten your arm to reach a book on a shelf.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t1:1
# text = You straighten your arm to reach a book on a shelf.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	straighten	straighten	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	shelf	shelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **straighten** | present | You | your arm |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent arm=Patient |
| 2 | **reach** | to-infinitive | You *not said here* | a book |  | a shelf |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent book=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Which muscle is pulling?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t1:2
# text = Which muscle is pulling?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	muscle	muscle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	pulling	pull	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | present · progressive | which muscle |  |  |  |  |  | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No muscle, the arm falls straight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t1:o1:1
# text = No muscle, the arm falls straight
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	muscle	muscle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | present | no muscle |  |  |  |  | straight *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The biceps, by pushing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t1:o2:1
# text = The biceps, by pushing
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	biceps	biceps	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pushing	push	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | gerund | the biceps *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The triceps at the back of the arm

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t1:o3:1
# text = The triceps at the back of the arm
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	triceps	triceps	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The biceps at the front of the arm

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t1:o4:1
# text = The biceps at the front of the arm
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	biceps	biceps	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Balance in a food web, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/e4/)
- next →: [The skeleton and muscles, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/t2/)
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