--- title: A cyclist wears a helmet. Which bone is the helmet helping to protect? — The skeleton and muscles · tree and pragmatics description: A cyclist wears a helmet. Which bone is the helmet helping to protect? Test 2 of lesson 31 «The skeleton and muscles» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/t2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [The skeleton and muscles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/) / t2 # Test 2 · The skeleton and muscles A cyclist wears a helmet. Which bone is the helmet helping to protect? **Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** cyclist, bone, helmet · **What happens:** wear, be, help, protect · **To what, where:** helmet This is test 2 of lesson 31 «The skeleton and muscles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/#t2). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* A cyclist wears a helmet. ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t2:1 # text = A cyclist wears a helmet. 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 cyclist cyclist NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 wears wear VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 helmet helmet NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 6 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **wear** | present | a cyclist | a helmet | | | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* Which bone is the helmet helping to protect? ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t2:2 # text = Which bone is the helmet helping to protect? 1 Which which DET WDT PronType=Int 2 det _ _ 2 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 helmet helmet NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 helping help VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 acl _ _ 7 to to PART TO _ 8 mark _ _ 8 protect protect VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 9 ? ? PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | which bone | the helmet | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **help** | gerund | the helmet *not said here* | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 3 | **protect** | to-infinitive | the helmet *not said here* | | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} The backbone, which guards the heart ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t2:o1:1 # text = The backbone, which guards the heart 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 backbone backbone NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 4 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 5 nsubj _ _ 5 guards guard VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **guard** | present | the backbone | the heart | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Beneficiary | ### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2} The ribs, which guard the lungs ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t2:o2:1 # text = The ribs, which guard the lungs 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 ribs rib NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 4 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 5 nsubj _ _ 5 guard guard VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 lungs lung NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **guard** | present | the ribs | the lungs | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Beneficiary | ### Option 3 {#o3} The thigh bone, which holds blood ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t2:o3:1 # text = The thigh bone, which holds blood 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 thigh thigh NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 6 holds hold VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 7 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hold** | present | the thigh bone | blood | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Theme | ### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4} The skull, which guards the brain ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t2:o4:1 # text = The skull, which guards the brain 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 skull skull NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 4 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 5 nsubj _ _ 5 guards guard VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 brain brain NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **guard** | present | the skull | the brain | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brain=Beneficiary | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [The skeleton and muscles, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/t1/) - next →: [The skeleton and muscles, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/t3/) - ↑ back to [The skeleton and muscles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/)