---
title: Which is true? — The skeleton and muscles · tree and pragmatics
description: Which is true? Test 3 of lesson 31 «The skeleton and muscles» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 3 · The skeleton and muscles

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which is true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** be

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 of lesson 31 «The skeleton and muscles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/#t3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t3:1
# text = Which is true?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bones move by themselves without muscles

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t3:o1:1
# text = Bones move by themselves without muscles
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	move	move	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obl	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | Bones |  |  |  |  | by Bones *= bone*; without muscles | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme by themselves=Trajectory |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Muscles work in pairs because each can only pull

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t3:o2:1
# text = Muscles work in pairs because each can only pull
1	Muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	pairs	pair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	pull	pull	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Muscles |  |  |  |  | in pairs | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in pair=Theme |
| 2 | **pull** | can | each |  |  |  |  |  | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One muscle both bends and straightens a joint

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t3:o3:1
# text = One muscle both bends and straightens a joint
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	muscle	muscle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	bends	bend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
6	straightens	straighten	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	joint	joint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **straighten** | present | One muscle and both bends | a joint |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent joint=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Muscles push bones to straighten them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:31-skeleton-and-muscles:t3:o4:1
# text = Muscles push bones to straighten them
1	Muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	push	push	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	straighten	straighten	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | present | Muscles | bones |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Theme |
| 2 | **straighten** | to-infinitive | Muscles *not said here* | bones *= bone* |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [The skeleton and muscles, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/t2/)
- next →: [The skeleton and muscles, test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/t4/)
- ↑ back to [The skeleton and muscles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/)