---
title: Identify the principal reason for which Venus possesses the highest… — The solar system and the planets · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which Venus possesses the highest surface temperature of all the planets. Exam question 3 of lesson 4 «The solar system and the planets» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's 
---

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# Exam question 3 · The solar system and the planets

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which Venus possesses the highest surface temperature of all the planets.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, Venus · **What happens:** identify, possess · **To what, where:** principal reason, highest surface temperature

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 4 «The solar system and the planets» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/4-the-solar-system/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:4-the-solar-system:e3:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which Venus possesses the highest surface temperature of all the planets.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
7	Venus	Venus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	possesses	possess	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
11	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	16	det:predet	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	planets	planet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **possess** | present | Venus | the highest surface temperature of all planets |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot temperature=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It rotates with exceptional rapidity

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:4-the-solar-system:e3:o1:1
# text = It rotates with exceptional rapidity
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rotates	rotate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	exceptional	exceptional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	rapidity	rapidity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rotate** | present | It |  |  |  |  | with exceptional rapidity | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is the planet nearest the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:4-the-solar-system:e3:o2:1
# text = It is the planet nearest the Sun
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	planet	planet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	nearest	near	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	amod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | the planet |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its dense atmosphere retains heat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:4-the-solar-system:e3:o3:1
# text = Its dense atmosphere retains heat
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dense	dense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	retains	retain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retain** | present | Its dense atmosphere | heat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is composed chiefly of molten metal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:4-the-solar-system:e3:o4:1
# text = It is composed chiefly of molten metal
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	composed	compose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	chiefly	chiefly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	molten	molten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | It | composed chiefly |  |  |  | of molten metal | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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