---
title: Tom says Mercury's the hottest planet cos it's closest to the Sun. t… — The solar system and the planets · tree and pragmatics
description: Tom says Mercury's the hottest planet cos it's closest to the Sun. true? Test 12 of lesson 4 «The solar system and the planets» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 12 · The solar system and the planets

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom says Mercury's the hottest planet cos it's closest to the Sun. true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Tom, Mercury, planet · **What happens:** say, be · **To what, where:** hottest planet · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 12 of lesson 4 «The solar system and the planets» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/4-the-solar-system/#t12).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:4-the-solar-system:t12:1
# text = Tom says Mercury's the hottest planet cos it's closest to the Sun. true?
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Mercury	Mercury	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	hottest	hot	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	planet	planet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	_
8	cos	cos	SCONJ	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	Sun.	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Tom |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Mercury | the hottest planet |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | planet |  |  |  |  | to the true; close *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, the closest planet must be the hottest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:4-the-solar-system:t12:o1:1
# text = Yes, the closest planet must be the hottest
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	planet	planet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hottest	hot	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | must | the closest planet |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, Venus is hottest because its thick air traps heat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:4-the-solar-system:t12:o2:1
# text = No, Venus is hottest because its thick air traps heat
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Venus	Venus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	hottest	hot	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	traps	trap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
11	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Venus |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **trap** | present | its thick air | heat |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, Mercury is hotter than all the others by far

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:4-the-solar-system:t12:o3:1
# text = Yes, Mercury is hotter than all the others by far
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Mercury	Mercury	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	hotter	hot	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Mercury |  |  |  |  | than all others; hot *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, Jupiter is hottest because it is biggest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:4-the-solar-system:t12:o4:1
# text = No, Jupiter is hottest because it is biggest
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Jupiter	Jupiter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	hottest	hot	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Jupiter |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | big *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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