---
title: Identify the principal cause of the formation of mountains. — Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal cause of the formation of mountains. Exam question 1 of lesson 43 «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/e1/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/) / e1

# Exam question 1 · Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal cause of the formation of mountains.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, cause · **To what, where:** principal cause, formation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 43 «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/43-landforms/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal cause of the formation of mountains.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	formation	formation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal cause of the formation of mountains |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme |
| 2 | **cause** |  |  | the formation of mountains |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The accumulation of snow upon the summits over many centuries

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:e1:o1:1
# text = The accumulation of snow upon the summits over many centuries
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	summits	summit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accumulate** |  |  | snow |  |  |  | upon the summits | nom accumulation «process transitive»: of=patient upon=obl |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The deposit of sand by rivers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:e1:o2:1
# text = The deposit of sand by rivers
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	deposit	deposit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deposit** |  | rivers | sand |  |  |  |  | nom deposit «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient by=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The erosion of valleys by wind

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:e1:o3:1
# text = The erosion of valleys by wind
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	erosion	erosion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **erode** |  |  | valleys by wind |  |  |  |  | nom erosion «process transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pressure of the Earth's plates against one another

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:e1:o4:1
# text = The pressure of the Earth's plates against one another
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
10	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	fixed	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **press** |  |  | the Earth's plates |  |  |  |  | nom pressure «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…, test 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/t13/)
- next →: [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/)