---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately distinguishes magm… — Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately distinguishes magma from lava? Exam question 2 of lesson 43 «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choi
---

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# Exam question 2 · Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately distinguishes magma from lava?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, distinguish · **To what, where:** magma

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 43 «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/43-landforms/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately distinguishes magma from lava?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	distinguishes	distinguish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	magma	magma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **distinguish** | present |  | magma |  |  |  | of the following statements; from lava; accurately *property* | vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent magma=Theme from lava=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Magma lies beneath the ground; lava has emerged upon the surface

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:e2:o1:1
# text = Magma lies beneath the ground; lava has emerged upon the surface
1	Magma	Magma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	emerged	emerge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | present | Magma |  |  | the ground |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beneath ground=Location |
| 2 | **emerge** | present · perfect · passive |  | lava |  |  |  | upon the surface | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Magma is solid rock; lava is liquid rock

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:e2:o2:1
# text = Magma is solid rock; lava is liquid rock
1	Magma	Magma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	liquid	liquid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Magma | solid rock and liquid rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | lava | liquid rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Magma has emerged upon the surface; lava lies beneath the ground

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:e2:o3:1
# text = Magma has emerged upon the surface; lava lies beneath the ground
1	Magma	Magma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	emerged	emerge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **emerge** | present · perfect | Magma |  |  | the surface |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon surface=Location |
| 2 | **lie** | present | lava |  |  | the ground |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beneath ground=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Magma is volcanic ash; lava is volcanic gas

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:e2:o4:1
# text = Magma is volcanic ash; lava is volcanic gas
1	Magma	Magma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Magma | volcanic ash |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | lava | volcanic gas |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/e1/)
- next →: [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/e3/)
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