---
title: Which of the following is designated by the term delta? — Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following is designated by the term delta? Exam question 3 of lesson 43 «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 3 · Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following is designated by the term delta?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** following · **What happens:** follow, designate

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 43 «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/43-landforms/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:e3:1
# text = Which of the following is designated by the term delta?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	designated	designate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	delta	delta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **designate** | present · passive | following |  |  |  |  | by the term delta | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A deep valley carved by a glacier

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:e3:o1:1
# text = A deep valley carved by a glacier
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	carved	carve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	glacier	glacier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carve** | participle |  | a deep valley *not said here* |  |  |  | by a glacier | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lake lying in a hollow of the land

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:e3:o2:1
# text = A lake lying in a hollow of the land
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hollow	hollow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | gerund | a lake *not said here* |  |  | a hollow of the land |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in hollow=Location |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flat land formed from mud and sand deposited at a river's mouth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:e3:o3:1
# text = Flat land formed from mud and sand deposited at a river's mouth
1	Flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	deposited	deposit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | participle |  | Flat land *not said here* |  | mud and sand |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **deposit** | participle |  | mud and sand *not said here* |  | a river's mouth |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent at mouth=Destination |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The source of a river among mountains

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:e3:o4:1
# text = The source of a river among mountains
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	among	among	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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