--- title: A rock left in a sunny, frosty place cracks into pieces after many w… — Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th… · tree and pragmatics description: A rock left in a sunny, frosty place cracks into pieces after many winters. What has happened? Test 7 · ★ of lesson 43 «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/t7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/) / t7 # Test 7 · ★ · Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped A rock left in a sunny, frosty place cracks into pieces after many winters. What has happened? **Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** rock · **What happens:** leave, crack, happen · **To what, where:** rock, sunny frosty place, pieces This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 43 «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/43-landforms/#t7). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* A rock left in a sunny, frosty place cracks into pieces after many winters. ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:t7:1 # text = A rock left in a sunny, frosty place cracks into pieces after many winters. 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 3 left leave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 6 sunny sunny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 8 frosty frosty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 10 cracks crack VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 11 into into ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 13 after after ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 winters winter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 16 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **leave** | participle | | a rock *not said here* | | | | in a sunny frosty place *result* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in place=Result | | 2 | **crack** | present | a rock | | | | | into pieces after many winters *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into piece=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* What has happened? ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:t7:2 # text = What has happened? 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 3 nsubj _ _ 2 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 happened happen VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 4 ? ? PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **happen** | present · perfect | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} An earthquake under the rock ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:t7:o1:1 # text = An earthquake under the rock 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 earthquake earthquake NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 under under ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2} Weathering by freezing water in its cracks ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:t7:o2:1 # text = Weathering by freezing water in its cracks 1 Weathering weather VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 2 by by ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 3 freezing freeze VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 amod _ _ 4 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obl _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 cracks crack NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **weather** | gerund | | | | water's cracks | | by freezing water | tree rules | | 2 | **freeze** | gerund | | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3} Lava pouring over the rock ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:t7:o3:1 # text = Lava pouring over the rock 1 Lava lava NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 2 pouring pour VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 1 acl _ _ 3 over over ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pour** | gerund | Lava *not said here* | | | the rock | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over rock=Location | ### Option 4 {#o4} The rock dried out and turned into sand at once ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:43-landforms:t7:o4:1 # text = The rock dried out and turned into sand at once 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 3 dried dry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl _ _ 4 out out ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 6 turned turn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 into into ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 sand sand NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 9 at at ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 6 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **dry out** | participle | | the rock *not said here* | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **turn** | past | the rock | | | sand | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme into sand=Source at once=Trajectory | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…, test 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/t6/) - next →: [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…, test 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/t8/) - ↑ back to [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/)