--- title: It is given that one star appears blue and another red. Ascertain wh… — The Sun as a star and the stars · tree and pragmatics description: It is given that one star appears blue and another red. Ascertain which inference is warranted. Exam question 4 of lesson 5 «The Sun as a star and the stars» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/5-the-sun-and-the-stars/e4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [The Sun as a star and the stars](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/5-the-sun-and-the-stars/) / e4 # Exam question 4 · The Sun as a star and the stars It is given that one star appears blue and another red. Ascertain which inference is warranted. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** one star, you · **What happens:** give, appear, ascertain, warrant · **To what, where:** It, inference This is exam question 4 of lesson 5 «The Sun as a star and the stars» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/5-the-sun-and-the-stars/#e4). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* It is given that one star appears blue and another red. ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:5-the-sun-and-the-stars:e4:1 # text = It is given that one star appears blue and another red. 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 5 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 6 star star NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 7 appears appear VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 8 blue blue ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 xcomp _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 another another DET DT PronType=Ind 11 det _ _ 11 red red ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 12 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | present · passive | | It | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **appear** | present | one star | | | | | blue *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* Ascertain which inference is warranted. ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:5-the-sun-and-the-stars:e4:2 # text = Ascertain which inference is warranted. 1 Ascertain ascertain VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 which which DET WDT PronType=Int 3 det _ _ 3 inference inference NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 warranted warrant VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 1 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 6 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **warrant** | present · passive | | which inference | | | | | tree rules | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} The red star possesses the higher temperature ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:5-the-sun-and-the-stars:e4:o1:1 # text = The red star possesses the higher temperature 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 red red ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 star star NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 possesses possess VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 higher high ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 7 amod _ _ 7 temperature temperature NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **possess** | present | the red star | the higher temperature | | | | | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot temperature=Theme | ### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2} The blue star possesses the higher temperature ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:5-the-sun-and-the-stars:e4:o2:1 # text = The blue star possesses the higher temperature 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 blue blue ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 star star NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 possesses possess VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 higher high ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 7 amod _ _ 7 temperature temperature NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **possess** | present | the blue star | the higher temperature | | | | | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot temperature=Theme | ### Option 3 {#o3} Both stars possess an identical temperature ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:5-the-sun-and-the-stars:e4:o3:1 # text = Both stars possess an identical temperature 1 Both both DET DT PronType=Tot 2 det _ _ 2 stars star NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 possess possess VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 identical identical ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 temperature temperature NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **possess** | present | both stars | a identical temperature | | | | | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot temperature=Theme | ### Option 4 {#o4} The colour bears no relation to temperature ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:5-the-sun-and-the-stars:e4:o4:1 # text = The colour bears no relation to temperature 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 colour colour NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 bears bear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 4 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 5 det _ _ 5 relation relation NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 6 to to ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 temperature temperature NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [The Sun as a star and the stars, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/5-the-sun-and-the-stars/e3/) - next →: [Gravity, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/6-gravity/t1/) - ↑ back to [The Sun as a star and the stars](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/5-the-sun-and-the-stars/)