---
title: Which of the following is designated by the term rain shadow? — Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following is designated by the term rain shadow? Exam question 3 of lesson 50 «Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 3 · Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following is designated by the term rain shadow?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** following · **What happens:** follow, designate

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This is exam question 3 of lesson 50 «Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:50-why-the-earth-is-so:e3:1
# text = Which of the following is designated by the term rain shadow?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	designated	designate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **designate** | present · passive | following |  |  |  |  | by the rain shadow | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dry side of a mountain range

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:50-why-the-earth-is-so:e3:o1:1
# text = The dry side of a mountain range
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A region of perpetual cloud

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:50-why-the-earth-is-so:e3:o2:1
# text = A region of perpetual cloud
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	perpetual	perpetual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wet side of a mountain range

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:50-why-the-earth-is-so:e3:o3:1
# text = The wet side of a mountain range
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shade cast by a raincloud

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:50-why-the-earth-is-so:e3:o4:1
# text = The shade cast by a raincloud
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shade	shade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	raincloud	raincloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cast** | participle |  | the shade *not said here* |  |  |  | by a raincloud | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent by raincloud=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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