---
title: It is given that a sledge is propelled with equal force across ice a… — Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and m… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a sledge is propelled with equal force across ice and across grass. Identify the principal reason for its greater displacement upon the ice. Exam question 2 of lesson 51 «Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency 
---

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# Exam question 2 · Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a sledge is propelled with equal force across ice and across grass. Identify the principal reason for its greater displacement upon the ice.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** give, propel, identify · **To what, where:** It, sledge, principal reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 51 «Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/51-forces/#e2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a sledge is propelled with equal force across ice and across grass.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:51-forces:e2:1
# text = It is given that a sledge is propelled with equal force across ice and across grass.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	propelled	propel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	across	across	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	across	across	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **propel** | present · passive |  | a sledge |  |  |  | with equal force across ice and grass | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Identify the principal reason for its greater displacement upon the ice.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:51-forces:e2:2
# text = Identify the principal reason for its greater displacement upon the ice.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	displacement	displacement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  | for reason's greater displacement upon the ice | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ice exerts an attractive force upon the runners of the sledge

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:51-forces:e2:o1:1
# text = The ice exerts an attractive force upon the runners of the sledge
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	exerts	exert	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	attractive	attractive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exert** | present | the ice | a attractive force |  |  |  | upon the runners of the sledge | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gravitational pull of the Earth is diminished above ice

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:51-forces:e2:o2:1
# text = The gravitational pull of the Earth is diminished above ice
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	gravitational	gravitational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pull	pull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	diminished	diminish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	above	above	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **diminish** | present · passive |  | the gravitational pull of the Earth |  | ice |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **pull** |  |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  | nom pull «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The smoothness of the ice occasions a lesser frictional resistance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:51-forces:e2:o3:1
# text = The smoothness of the ice occasions a lesser frictional resistance
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	smoothness	smoothness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	occasions	occasion	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	lesser	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
9	frictional	frictional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	resistance	resistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occasion** | present | the smoothness of the ice | a lesser frictional resistance |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mass of the sledge is reduced whilst upon a frozen surface

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:51-forces:e2:o4:1
# text = The mass of the sledge is reduced whilst upon a frozen surface
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	frozen	frozen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | present · passive |  | the mass of the sledge |  |  |  | whilst a frozen surface | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and m…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/51-forces/e1/)
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