--- title: my brother says heavy things fall cos the air pushes them down. true? — Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and m… · tree and pragmatics description: my brother says heavy things fall cos the air pushes them down. true? Test 12 of lesson 51 «Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/51-forces/t12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and m…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/51-forces/) / t12 # Test 12 · Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets my brother says heavy things fall cos the air pushes them down. true? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** brother, heavy things, air · **What happens:** say, fall, push down · **To what, where:** things · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is test 12 of lesson 51 «Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/51-forces/#t12). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:51-forces:t12:1 # text = my brother says heavy things fall cos the air pushes them down. true? 1 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 brother brother NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 6 fall fall VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 7 cos cos SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 10 pushes push VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _ 11 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ _ 12 down down ADP RP _ 10 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 13 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ 14 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 15 ? ? PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | my brother | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **fall** | present | heavy things | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **push down** | present | the air | things *= thing* | | | | | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} No, gravity, the pull of the Earth, makes them fall ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:51-forces:t12:o1:1 # text = No, gravity, the pull of the Earth, makes them fall 1 No no INTJ UH Polarity=Neg 3 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 3 gravity gravity NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 pull pull NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 11 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 fall fall VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 xcomp _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present | gravity and the pull of the Earth | them *= they* | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **fall** | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **pull** | | | the Earth | | | | | nom pull «act transitive»: of=patient | ### Option 2 {#o2} Yes, without air nothing would fall ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:51-forces:t12:o2:1 # text = Yes, without air nothing would fall 1 Yes yes INTJ UH Polarity=Pos 7 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 without without ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 7 obl _ _ 6 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 7 fall fall VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fall** | would | | | | | | without nothing | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ### Option 3 {#o3} No, things fall because they are heavy inside ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:51-forces:t12:o3:1 # text = No, things fall because they are heavy inside 1 No no INTJ UH Polarity=Neg 4 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 fall fall VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 because because SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 6 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 7 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 8 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 advcl _ _ 9 inside inside ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fall** | present | things | | | | | inside *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is** | present | things *= thing* | | | | | heavy *property* | tree rules | ### Option 4 {#o4} Yes, air pushes down on everything ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:51-forces:t12:o4:1 # text = Yes, air pushes down on everything 1 Yes yes INTJ UH Polarity=Pos 4 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 pushes push VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 down down ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 6 on on ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 everything everything PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 4 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **push down** | present | air | | | | | on everything; down *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on everything=Theme | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and m…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/51-forces/t11/) - next →: [Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and m…, test 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/51-forces/t13/) - ↑ back to [Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/51-forces/)