---
title: Why do football boots have studs on the sole? — Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and m… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why do football boots have studs on the sole? Test 2 of lesson 51 «Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 2 · Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why do football boots have studs on the sole?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** football boots · **What happens:** have · **To what, where:** studs, sole

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 of lesson 51 «Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/51-forces/#t2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:51-forces:t2:1
# text = Why do football boots have studs on the sole?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	studs	stud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sole	sole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · do-support | football boots | studs |  | the sole |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stud=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stop gravity pulling the player down

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:51-forces:t2:o1:1
# text = To stop gravity pulling the player down
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gravity	gravity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	pulling	pull	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  | gravity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pull down** | gerund |  | the player |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent player=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make the boots lighter to run in

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:51-forces:t2:o2:1
# text = To make the boots lighter to run in
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | the boots |  |  |  | light *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset boot=Product |
| 2 | **run** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To reduce friction so the players can slide

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:51-forces:t2:o3:1
# text = To reduce friction so the players can slide
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	friction	friction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	slide	slide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | to-infinitive |  | friction |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer friction=Patient |
| 2 | **slide** | can | the players |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To grip the ground and increase friction

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:51-forces:t2:o4:1
# text = To grip the ground and increase friction
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	grip	grip	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	increase	increase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	friction	friction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grip** | to-infinitive |  | the ground and increase friction |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ground=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and m…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/51-forces/t1/)
- next →: [Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and m…, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/51-forces/t3/)
- ↑ back to [Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/51-forces/)