---
title: It is given that an opaque object is displaced towards a lamp. Deter… — Light, shadows and colours · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that an opaque object is displaced towards a lamp. Determine the consequent alteration in its shadow. Exam question 2 of lesson 53 «Light, shadows and colours» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's
---

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# Exam question 2 · Light, shadows and colours

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that an opaque object is displaced towards a lamp. Determine the consequent alteration in its shadow.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, alteration · **What happens:** give, displace, determine, shadow · **To what, where:** It, opaque object, consequent alteration, shadow

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 53 «Light, shadows and colours» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/53-light/#e2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that an opaque object is displaced towards a lamp.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:53-light:e2:1
# text = It is given that an opaque object is displaced towards a lamp.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	opaque	opaque	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	displaced	displace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
10	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **displace** | present · passive |  | a opaque object |  |  |  | towards a lamp | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Determine the consequent alteration in its shadow.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:53-light:e2:2
# text = Determine the consequent alteration in its shadow.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	consequent	consequent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	alteration	alteration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the consequent alteration |  | alteration's shadow |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alteration=Topic |
| 2 | **shadow** |  | alteration |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shadow shall remain of identical size

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:53-light:e2:o1:1
# text = The shadow shall remain of identical size
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	remain	remain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | shall | the shadow |  |  |  |  | of identical size | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shadow shall diminish in size

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:53-light:e2:o2:1
# text = The shadow shall diminish in size
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	diminish	diminish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **diminish** | shall | the shadow |  |  | size |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shadow shall cease entirely to exist

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:53-light:e2:o3:1
# text = The shadow shall cease entirely to exist
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	cease	cease	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	exist	exist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cease** | shall | the shadow |  |  |  |  | entirely *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **exist** | to-infinitive | the shadow *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shadow shall increase in size

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:53-light:e2:o4:1
# text = The shadow shall increase in size
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	increase	increase	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **increase** | shall | the shadow |  |  | size |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Light, shadows and colours, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/53-light/e1/)
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