--- title: Identify the principal reason for which curtains and carpets reduce… — Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch an… · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal reason for which curtains and carpets reduce echoes within a room. Exam question 4 of lesson 54 «Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's cho --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/54-sound/e4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch an…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/54-sound/) / e4 # Exam question 4 · Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes Identify the principal reason for which curtains and carpets reduce echoes within a room. **Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, curtains · **What happens:** identify, reduce · **To what, where:** principal reason, echoes This is exam question 4 of lesson 54 «Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/54-sound/#e4). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:54-sound:e4:1 # text = Identify the principal reason for which curtains and carpets reduce echoes within a room. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 10 obl _ _ 7 curtains curtain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 carpets carpet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 conj _ _ 10 reduce reduce VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ 11 echoes echo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 12 within within ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 room room NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 15 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | | 2 | **reduce** | present | curtains and carpets | echoes | | | | for the principal reason; within a room | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer echo=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} Soft materials reflect sound more strongly than walls ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:54-sound:e4:o1:1 # text = Soft materials reflect sound more strongly than walls 1 Soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 materials material NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 reflect reflect VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 6 advmod _ _ 6 strongly strongly ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 7 than than ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 walls wall NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **reflect** | present | Soft materials | sound | | | | than walls; strongly *property* | tree rules | ### Option 2 {#o2} Soft materials raise the pitch of every sound ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:54-sound:e4:o2:1 # text = Soft materials raise the pitch of every sound 1 Soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 materials material NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 raise raise VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 pitch pitch NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 8 det _ _ 8 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **raise** | present | Soft materials | the pitch of every sound | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pitch=Theme | ### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3} Soft materials absorb sound rather than reflecting it ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:54-sound:e4:o3:1 # text = Soft materials absorb sound rather than reflecting it 1 Soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 materials material NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 absorb absorb VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 rather rather ADV RB ExtPos=CCONJ 7 cc _ _ 6 than than ADP IN _ 5 fixed _ _ 7 reflecting reflect VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 8 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **absorb** | present | Soft materials | sound | | | | | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal sound=Theme | | 2 | **reflect** | gerund | Soft materials *not said here* | sound | | | | | tree rules | ### Option 4 {#o4} Soft materials accelerate the passage of sound ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:54-sound:e4:o4:1 # text = Soft materials accelerate the passage of sound 1 Soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 materials material NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 accelerate accelerate VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 passage passage NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **accelerate** | present | Soft materials | the passage of sound | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent passage=Patient | | 2 | **pass** | | sound | | | | | | nom passage «act intransitive»: of=agent | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch an…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/54-sound/e3/) - next →: [Electricity — circuits, switches and s…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/55-electricity/t1/) - ↑ back to [Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/54-sound/)