---
title: A shout from the bottom of a canyon is heard again a moment later. W… — Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch an… · tree and pragmatics
description: A shout from the bottom of a canyon is heard again a moment later. Why? Test 4 of lesson 54 «Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 4 · Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shout from the bottom of a canyon is heard again a moment later. Why?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** hear · **To what, where:** shout

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 of lesson 54 «Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/54-sound/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A shout from the bottom of a canyon is heard again a moment later.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:54-sound:t4:1
# text = A shout from the bottom of a canyon is heard again a moment later.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shout	shout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	canyon	canyon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	again	again	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl:unmarked	_	_
14	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present · passive |  | a shout from the bottom of a canyon |  |  | again | late *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:54-sound:t4:2
# text = Why?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sound bounced off the rock walls

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:54-sound:t4:o1:1
# text = The sound bounced off the rock walls
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	bounced	bounce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bounce off** | participle | the sound *not said here* | the rock walls |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Another person copied the shout

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:54-sound:t4:o2:1
# text = Another person copied the shout
1	Another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	copied	copy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shout	shout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | past | another person | the shout |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shout=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sound stops and starts again in canyons

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:54-sound:t4:o3:1
# text = Sound stops and starts again in canyons
1	Sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	canyons	canyon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | present | Sound |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **start** | present | Sound *not said here* |  |  | canyons | again |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The canyon made its own sound

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:54-sound:t4:o4:1
# text = The canyon made its own sound
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	canyon	canyon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the canyon | canyon's own sound |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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