---
title: Identify the principal reason for which coal, oil and natural gas ar… — Energy — where it comes from and how t… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which coal, oil and natural gas are designated non-renewable. Exam question 2 of lesson 56 «Energy — where it comes from and how to save it» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mov
---

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# Exam question 2 · Energy — where it comes from and how to save it

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which coal, oil and natural gas are designated non-renewable.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, designate · **To what, where:** principal reason, coal

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 56 «Energy — where it comes from and how to save it» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/56-energy/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:56-energy:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which coal, oil and natural gas are designated non-renewable.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
7	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	designated	designate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
15	non-renewable	non-renewable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **designate** | present · passive |  | coal and oil and natural gas |  |  |  | for the principal reason; non-renewable *property* | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are wholly incapable of combustion in any furnace

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:56-energy:e2:o1:1
# text = They are wholly incapable of combustion in any furnace
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	wholly	wholly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	incapable	incapable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	combustion	combustion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	furnace	furnace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | incapable |  | any furnace |  | of combustion; wholly *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their formation requires millions of years

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:56-energy:e2:o2:1
# text = Their formation requires millions of years
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	formation	formation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present | Their formation | millions of years |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme million=Precondition |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are derived from sunlight directly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:56-energy:e2:o3:1
# text = They are derived from sunlight directly
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	derived	derive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **derive** | present · passive |  | They |  | sunlight |  | directly *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from sunlight=Material |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are replenished upon each day

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:56-energy:e2:o4:1
# text = They are replenished upon each day
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	replenished	replenish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replenish** | present · passive |  | They |  |  | day |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Energy — where it comes from and how t…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/56-energy/e1/)
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