--- title: A toy car runs on a battery until it stops. What has happened? — Energy — where it comes from and how t… · tree and pragmatics description: A toy car runs on a battery until it stops. What has happened? Test 8 of lesson 56 «Energy — where it comes from and how to save it» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/56-energy/t8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [Energy — where it comes from and how t…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/56-energy/) / t8 # Test 8 · Energy — where it comes from and how to save it A toy car runs on a battery until it stops. What has happened? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** toy car, car · **What happens:** run, stop, happen · **To what, where:** battery This is test 8 of lesson 56 «Energy — where it comes from and how to save it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/56-energy/#t8). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* A toy car runs on a battery until it stops. ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:56-energy:t8:1 # text = A toy car runs on a battery until it stops. 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 toy toy NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 car car NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 runs run VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 on on ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 battery battery NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 until until SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 9 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 10 stops stop VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 11 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **run** | present | a toy car | | | a battery | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on battery=Trajectory | | 2 | **stop** | present | car | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* What has happened? ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:56-energy:t8:2 # text = What has happened? 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 3 nsubj _ _ 2 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 happened happen VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 4 ? ? PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **happen** | present · perfect | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} The wheels have stored up all of the energy inside them ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:56-energy:t8:o1:1 # text = The wheels have stored up all of the energy inside them 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 wheels wheel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 stored store VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 up up ADP RP _ 4 compound:prt _ _ 6 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 4 obj _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 inside inside ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **store up** | present · perfect · passive | | the wheels | | | | | tree rules | ### Option 2 {#o2} The battery has turned into coal ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:56-energy:t8:o2:1 # text = The battery has turned into coal 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 battery battery NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 turned turn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 into into ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 coal coal NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **turn** | present · perfect · passive | | the battery | | coal | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme into coal=Trajectory | ### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3} The chemical energy in the battery has been used ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:56-energy:t8:o3:1 # text = The chemical energy in the battery has been used 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 chemical chemical ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 battery battery NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 7 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 8 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | present · perfect · passive | | the chemical energy in the battery | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ### Option 4 {#o4} The car has become too heavy ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:56-energy:t8:o4:1 # text = The car has become too heavy 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 car car NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 become become VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 5 too too ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 xcomp _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **become** | present · perfect | the car | | | | | heavy *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. 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