---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises poll… — Caring for the environment · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises pollution? Exam question 1 of lesson 57 «Caring for the environment» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Caring for the environment

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises pollution?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** pollution

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 57 «Caring for the environment» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/57-environment/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:57-environment:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises pollution?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | pollution |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The natural decomposition of fallen leaves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:57-environment:e1:o1:1
# text = The natural decomposition of fallen leaves
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	decomposition	decomposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **decompose** |  |  | fallen leaves |  |  |  |  | nom decomposition «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any material which is subsequently recycled

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:57-environment:e1:o2:1
# text = Any material which is subsequently recycled
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	recycled	recycle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recycle** | present · passive |  | any material |  |  |  | subsequently *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The planting of trees upon cleared land

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:57-environment:e1:o3:1
# text = The planting of trees upon cleared land
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	planting	planting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	cleared	clear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP.Source V»: agent=Source |
| 2 | **plant** |  |  | trees |  |  |  | upon cleared land | nom planting «act transitive»: of=patient upon=obl |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Harmful material introduced into the air, water or soil

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:57-environment:e1:o4:1
# text = Harmful material introduced into the air, water or soil
1	Harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **introduce** | participle |  | Harmful material *not said here* |  | the air and water or soil |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Caring for the environment, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/57-environment/t12/)
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