---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — People and society — communities, work… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice designated as bartering? Exam question 1 of lesson 58 «People and society — communities, work, money and rules» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of ea
---

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# Exam question 1 · People and society — communities, work, money and rules

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice designated as bartering?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, designate, barter · **To what, where:** practice

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 58 «People and society — communities, work, money and rules» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/58-people-and-society/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:58-people-and-society:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice designated as bartering?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	designated	designate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	bartering	barter	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the practice |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **designate** | participle |  | the practice *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **barter** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The purchase of goods by means of a bank card in a shop

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:58-people-and-society:e1:o1:1
# text = The purchase of goods by means of a bank card in a shop
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	purchase	purchase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	nmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the purchase of goods |  |  |  |  | of a bank card in a shop | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **purchase** |  |  | goods |  |  |  |  | nom purchase «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The borrowing of money from a bank

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:58-people-and-society:e1:o2:1
# text = The borrowing of money from a bank
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	borrowing	borrowing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The payment of taxes to the government

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:58-people-and-society:e1:o3:1
# text = The payment of taxes to the government
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	payment	payment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	taxes	tax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** |  |  | taxes |  |  |  | to the government | nom payment «possession transitive»: of=patient to=obl |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The exchange of goods without recourse to money

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:58-people-and-society:e1:o4:1
# text = The exchange of goods without recourse to money
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	exchange	exchange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	nmod	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	recourse	recourse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exchange** |  |  | goods |  |  |  | without recourse; to money | nom exchange «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient without=obl to=obl |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [People and society — communities, work…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/58-people-and-society/t12/)
- next →: [People and society — communities, work…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/58-people-and-society/e2/)
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