---
title: Ascertain the purpose for which taxes are levied upon the citizens o… — People and society — communities, work… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the purpose for which taxes are levied upon the citizens of a country. Exam question 3 of lesson 58 «People and society — communities, work, money and rules» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's cho
---

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# Exam question 3 · People and society — communities, work, money and rules

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the purpose for which taxes are levied upon the citizens of a country.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, levy · **To what, where:** purpose, taxes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 58 «People and society — communities, work, money and rules» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/58-people-and-society/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:58-people-and-society:e3:1
# text = Ascertain the purpose for which taxes are levied upon the citizens of a country.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
6	taxes	tax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	levied	levy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the purpose |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent purpose=Topic |
| 2 | **levy** | present · passive |  | taxes |  |  |  | for the purpose; upon the citizens of a country | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To punish those who have committed crimes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:58-people-and-society:e3:o1:1
# text = To punish those who have committed crimes
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	punish	punish	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	obj	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	committed	committed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	crimes	crime	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **punish** | to-infinitive |  | those |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | present |  | committed crimes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crime=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To purchase personal possessions for each taxpayer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:58-people-and-society:e3:o2:1
# text = To purchase personal possessions for each taxpayer
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	purchase	purchase	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	personal	personal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	possessions	possession	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	taxpayer	taxpayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **purchase** | to-infinitive |  | personal possessions |  |  |  | for each taxpayer | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent possession=Theme for taxpayer=Asset |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To defray the cost of shared provisions such as roads, schools and hospitals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:58-people-and-society:e3:o3:1
# text = To defray the cost of shared provisions such as roads, schools and hospitals
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	defray	defray	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	provisions	provision	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	hospitals	hospital	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defray** | to-infinitive |  | the cost of shared provisions such roads and schools and hospitals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **share** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **cost** |  |  | shared provisions such roads and schools and hospitals |  |  |  |  | nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To enrich the private persons who collect them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:58-people-and-society:e3:o4:1
# text = To enrich the private persons who collect them
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	enrich	enrich	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	collect	collect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enrich** | to-infinitive |  |  | the private persons |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme person=Destination |
| 2 | **collect** | present | the private persons | persons *= person* |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [People and society — communities, work…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/58-people-and-society/e2/)
- next →: [People and society — communities, work…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/58-people-and-society/e4/)
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