---
title: Why do polar bears' thick fur and fat help them survive the Arctic? — Thinking it through — forces, heat, li… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why do polar bears' thick fur and fat help them survive the Arctic? Test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 60 «Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 5 · ★★★ · Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why do polar bears' thick fur and fat help them survive the Arctic?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** polar bears, fur · **What happens:** do, help, survive · **To what, where:** fur, Arctic

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 60 «Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/60-reasoning-energy-technology/#t5).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:60-reasoning-energy-technology:t5:1
# text = Why do polar bears' thick fur and fat help them survive the Arctic?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
3	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	'	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	survive	survive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | polar bears *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **help** | present | polar bears | fur |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **survive** | infinitive | fur *not said here* | the Arctic |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme arctic=Circumstance |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They reflect the cold back into the air before it reaches the skin

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:60-reasoning-energy-technology:t5:o1:1
# text = They reflect the cold back into the air before it reaches the skin
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reflect	reflect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	reaches	reach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect back** | present | They | the cold |  | the air |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reach** | present | cold | the skin |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent skin=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They make heat from the snow that sticks to the bears' coats

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:60-reasoning-energy-technology:t5:o2:1
# text = They make heat from the snow that sticks to the bears' coats
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sticks	stick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	'	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	coats	coat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | They | heat |  | the snow |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset heat=Product from snow=Material |
| 2 | **stick** | present | the snow |  |  |  |  | to the bears's coats | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to coat=Co-Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They let the cold flow quickly into the body to toughen it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:60-reasoning-energy-technology:t5:o3:1
# text = They let the cold flow quickly into the body to toughen it
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	let	let	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	flow	flow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	toughen	toughen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | past | They | the cold flow |  | the body |  | quickly *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flow=Theme |
| 2 | **toughen** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | flow |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They trap heat in and slow down its escape into the cold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:60-reasoning-energy-technology:t5:o4:1
# text = They trap heat in and slow down its escape into the cold
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	trap	trap	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	slow	slow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	escape	escape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trap in** | present | They | heat |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Patient |
| 2 | **slow down** | infinitive | They *not said here* | heat's escape |  | the cold |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent escape=Patient |
| 3 | **escape** |  | heat |  |  |  |  |  | nom escape «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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