--- title: It is given that the layers of sedimentary rock have not been overtu… — Rocks, minerals and fossils · tree and pragmatics description: It is given that the layers of sedimentary rock have not been overturned. Ascertain which layers are in general the oldest. Exam question 3 of lesson 61 «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opt --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/e3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [Rocks, minerals and fossils](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/) / e3 # Exam question 3 · Rocks, minerals and fossils It is given that the layers of sedimentary rock have not been overturned. Ascertain which layers are in general the oldest. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, layers · **What happens:** give, not overturn, ascertain, be · **To what, where:** It, layers This is exam question 3 of lesson 61 «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/#e3). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* It is given that the layers of sedimentary rock have not been overturned. ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:e3:1 # text = It is given that the layers of sedimentary rock have not been overturned. 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 layers layer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj:pass _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 sedimentary sedimentary ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 11 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 13 advmod _ _ 12 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 13 aux:pass _ _ 13 overturned overturn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 14 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | present · passive | | It | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **not** **overturn** | present · perfect · passive | | the layers of sedimentary rock | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* Ascertain which layers are in general the oldest. ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:e3:2 # text = Ascertain which layers are in general the oldest. 1 Ascertain ascertain VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 which which DET WDT PronType=Int 3 det _ _ 3 layers layer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 general general ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 1 ccomp _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 oldest old ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 6 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** | present | which layers | | | | | the oldest *obl*; general *property* | tree rules | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} The lowest layers ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:e3:o1:1 # text = The lowest layers 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 lowest low ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 3 amod _ _ 3 layers layer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 2 {#o2} The middle layers ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:e3:o2:1 # text = The middle layers 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 middle middle ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 layers layer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 3 {#o3} All layers are of equal age ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:e3:o3:1 # text = All layers are of equal age 1 All all DET DT PronType=Tot 2 det _ _ 2 layers layer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 equal equal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 age age NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | all layers | | | | of equal age | | tree rules | ### Option 4 {#o4} The uppermost layers ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:e3:o4:1 # text = The uppermost layers 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 uppermost uppermost ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 layers layer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. 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