---
title: found a shell shape in a rock on the beach, how'd it even get in there — Rocks, minerals and fossils · tree and pragmatics
description: found a shell shape in a rock on the beach, how'd it even get in there Test 10 of lesson 61 «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 10 · Rocks, minerals and fossils

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
found a shell shape in a rock on the beach, how'd it even get in there

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** shape · **What happens:** find, get in · **To what, where:** shell shape, rock

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 of lesson 61 «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/#t10).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:t10:1
# text = found a shell shape in a rock on the beach, how'd it even get in there
1	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	'd	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	even	even	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
17	in	in	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past |  | a shell shape |  | a rock |  | on the beach | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shape=Topic |
| 2 | **get in** | would | shape |  |  | there |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone carved it there to look like a real shell

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:t10:o1:1
# text = Someone carved it there to look like a real shell
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carved	carve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carve** | past | Someone | it |  | there |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | to-infinitive | Someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a real shell | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sea water melted the rock and the shell sank into it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:t10:o2:1
# text = Sea water melted the rock and the shell sank into it
1	Sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	melted	melt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	sank	sink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | past | Sea water | the rock |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient rock=Result |
| 2 | **sink** | past | the shell |  |  | water |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rock grew around the shell while the animal inside was still alive

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:t10:o3:1
# text = The rock grew around the shell while the animal inside was still alive
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
10	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	still	still	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | the rock |  |  | the shell |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around shell=Location |
| 2 | **is** | past | the animal |  |  |  | still | alive *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shell was buried in mud long ago and slowly turned to stone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:t10:o4:1
# text = The shell was buried in mud long ago and slowly turned to stone
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	buried	bury	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
8	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bury** | past · passive |  | the shell |  | mud |  | ago *property* | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in mud=Destination |
| 2 | **turn** | participle |  |  |  | stone |  | slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to stone=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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