---
title: A rock with no visible crystals and many small holes is found near a… — Rocks, minerals and fossils · tree and pragmatics
description: A rock with no visible crystals and many small holes is found near a volcano. How did it most likely form? Test 2 of lesson 61 «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was rig
---

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# Test 2 · Rocks, minerals and fossils

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rock with no visible crystals and many small holes is found near a volcano. How did it most likely form?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **What happens:** find, do · **To what, where:** rock, volcano

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 of lesson 61 «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A rock with no visible crystals and many small holes is found near a volcano.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:t2:1
# text = A rock with no visible crystals and many small holes is found near a volcano.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
5	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	crystals	crystal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	near	near	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present · passive |  | a rock with no visible crystals and many small holes |  | a volcano |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How did it most likely form?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:t2:2
# text = How did it most likely form?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past |  | rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Limestone was heated deep underground

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:t2:o1:1
# text = Limestone was heated deep underground
1	Limestone	limestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	heated	heat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	deep	deep	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heat** | past · passive |  | Limestone |  |  |  | underground *property* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lava full of gas cooled quickly on the surface

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:t2:o2:1
# text = Lava full of gas cooled quickly on the surface
1	Lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	cooled	cool	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
6	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool** | participle |  | Lava *not said here* |  | the surface |  | quickly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shells were pressed together on the sea floor

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:t2:o3:1
# text = Shells were pressed together on the sea floor
1	Shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	pressed	press	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **press** | past · passive |  | Shells |  | the sea floor |  | together *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mud dried slowly at the bottom of a lake

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:61-rocks-minerals-fossils:t2:o4:1
# text = Mud dried slowly at the bottom of a lake
1	Mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dried	dry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry** | past | Mud |  |  | the bottom of a lake |  | slowly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Rocks, minerals and fossils, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/t1/)
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- ↑ back to [Rocks, minerals and fossils](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/)