---
title: Identify the principal reason for which certain eruptions are of an… — Volcanoes and earthquakes up close · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which certain eruptions are of an explosive character. Exam question 2 of lesson 62 «Volcanoes and earthquakes up close» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong
---

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# Exam question 2 · Volcanoes and earthquakes up close

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which certain eruptions are of an explosive character.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, certain eruptions · **What happens:** identify, be · **To what, where:** principal reason

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 62 «Volcanoes and earthquakes up close» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which certain eruptions are of an explosive character.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	8	det	_	_
7	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	eruptions	eruption	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	explosive	explosive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | which certain eruptions |  |  |  |  | of a explosive character | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The volcano is wholly extinct

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes:e2:o1:1
# text = The volcano is wholly extinct
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	wholly	wholly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the volcano |  |  |  |  | extinct, wholly *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lava is exceptionally runny

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes:e2:o2:1
# text = The lava is exceptionally runny
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	exceptionally	exceptionally	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	runny	runny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the lava |  |  |  |  | exceptionally, runny *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gas is trapped within sticky magma

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes:e2:o3:1
# text = Gas is trapped within sticky magma
1	Gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	trapped	trap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	within	within	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	sticky	sticky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	magma	magma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trap** | present · passive |  | Gas |  |  |  | within sticky magma | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The magma is heavier than the surrounding rock

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes:e2:o4:1
# text = The magma is heavier than the surrounding rock
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	magma	magma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	heavier	heavy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	surrounding	surrounding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the magma |  |  |  |  | than the surrounding rock; heavy *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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