---
title: Which is true about a forest floor? — Soil and what lives in it · tree and pragmatics
description: Which is true about a forest floor? Test 2 of lesson 63 «Soil and what lives in it» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 2 · Soil and what lives in it

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which is true about a forest floor?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** be

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 of lesson 63 «Soil and what lives in it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it/#t2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it:t2:1
# text = Which is true about a forest floor?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | about a forest floor; true *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leaves are all blown away by the wind each winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it:t2:o1:1
# text = The leaves are all blown away by the wind each winter
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	all	all	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	blown	blow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow away** | present · passive | the wind | the leaves |  |  | winter | all, away *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The trees take the dead leaves back into their trunks

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it:t2:o2:1
# text = The trees take the dead leaves back into their trunks
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	trunks	trunk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | the trees | the dead leaves |  | trees's trunks |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme into trunk=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fallen leaves stay there forever because nothing eats them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it:t2:o3:1
# text = Fallen leaves stay there forever because nothing eats them
1	Fallen	fallen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stay	stay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
5	forever	forever	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	8	nsubj	_	_
8	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | present | Fallen leaves |  |  | there |  | forever *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **eat** | present | nothing | leaves *= leaf* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fallen leaves are broken down by fungi, bacteria and small animals into humus

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it:t2:o4:1
# text = Fallen leaves are broken down by fungi, bacteria and small animals into humus
1	Fallen	fallen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	humus	humus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break down** | present · passive | fungi and bacteria and small animals | Fallen leaves |  |  |  | into humus *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent subject=Patient into humus=Result |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Soil and what lives in it, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it/t1/)
- next →: [Soil and what lives in it, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it/t3/)
- ↑ back to [Soil and what lives in it](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it/)