---
title: A child digs a deep hole in a garden. The soil at the top is dark, l… — Soil and what lives in it · tree and pragmatics
description: A child digs a deep hole in a garden. The soil at the top is dark, lower down it is paler and stonier, and at the bottom there is rock. Why is the top darkest? Test 6 of lesson 63 «Soil and what lives in it» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the
---

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# Test 6 · Soil and what lives in it

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A child digs a deep hole in a garden. The soil at the top is dark, lower down it is paler and stonier, and at the bottom there is rock. Why is the top darkest?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** child, soil, rock · **What happens:** dig, be, lower down · **To what, where:** deep hole, garden, bottom

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 of lesson 63 «Soil and what lives in it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it/#t6).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A child digs a deep hole in a garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it:t6:1
# text = A child digs a deep hole in a garden.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	digs	dig	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | present | a child | a deep hole |  | a garden |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hole=Theme in garden=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* The soil at the top is dark, lower down it is paler and stonier, and at the bottom there is rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it:t6:2
# text = The soil at the top is dark, lower down it is paler and stonier, and at the bottom there is rock.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	lower	lower	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	paler	pale	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	parataxis	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	stonier	stoney	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
21	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	22	expl	_	_
22	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
23	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the soil at the top |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lower down** | infinitive | the soil at the top *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present | soil |  |  |  |  | pale *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | soil *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** | present | rock |  |  | the bottom; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at bottom=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Why is the top darkest?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it:t6:3
# text = Why is the top darkest?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	darkest	dark	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It holds the most humus from rotted plants

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it:t6:o1:1
# text = It holds the most humus from rotted plants
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	humus	humus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	rotted	rot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | It | the most humus |  | rotted plants |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent humus=Theme |
| 2 | **rot** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sunlight has burned it dark over the years

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it:t6:o2:1
# text = The sunlight has burned it dark over the years
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | present · perfect · passive |  | the sunlight |  |  | year | dark *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is the oldest layer of all, so it is darkest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it:t6:o3:1
# text = It is the oldest layer of all, so it is darkest
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	darkest	dark	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | the oldest layer |  |  |  | of all | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | layer |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is wetter from all the rain that falls on it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it:t6:o4:1
# text = It is wetter from all the rain that falls on it
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	wetter	wet	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  | all rain |  | wet *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fall** | present | all rain |  |  | rain |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on it=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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