---
title: Identify the characteristic form of a valley carved by a glacier. — Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the characteristic form of a valley carved by a glacier. Exam question 2 of lesson 65 «Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 2 · Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the characteristic form of a valley carved by a glacier.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, carve, form · **To what, where:** characteristic form, valley

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 65 «Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands:e2:1
# text = Identify the characteristic form of a valley carved by a glacier.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	characteristic	characteristic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	carved	carve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	glacier	glacier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the characteristic form of a valley |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent form=Theme |
| 2 | **carve** | participle |  | a valley *not said here* |  |  |  | by a glacier | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **form** |  |  | a valley |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A valley shaped like the letter W

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands:e2:o1:1
# text = A valley shaped like the letter W
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	W	W	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  | a valley *not said here* |  |  |  | like the letter | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A valley shaped like the letter V

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands:e2:o2:1
# text = A valley shaped like the letter V
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	V	v	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  | a valley *not said here* |  |  |  | like the letter V | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A valley shaped like the letter U

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands:e2:o3:1
# text = A valley shaped like the letter U
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	U	U	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  | a valley *not said here* |  |  |  | like the letter | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A valley of perfectly circular form

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands:e2:o4:1
# text = A valley of perfectly circular form
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	perfectly	perfectly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	circular	circular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/e1/)
- next →: [Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/e3/)
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