---
title: During the ice age, people walked from Asia to North America on dry… — Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands · tree and pragmatics
description: During the ice age, people walked from Asia to North America on dry land where there is sea today. How was that possible? Test 5 · ★★ of lesson 65 «Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each op
---

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# Test 5 · ★★ · Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During the ice age, people walked from Asia to North America on dry land where there is sea today. How was that possible?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** people, sea · **What happens:** walk, be · **To what, where:** North America, Asia

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 65 «Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* During the ice age, people walked from Asia to North America on dry land where there is sea today.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands:t5:1
# text = During the ice age, people walked from Asia to North America on dry land where there is sea today.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
16	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
17	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	18	expl	_	_
18	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
20	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | people |  | North America | Asia | during the ice age | on dry land | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to america=Result |
| 2 | **be** | present | sea |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How was that possible?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands:t5:2
# text = How was that possible?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | possible *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ocean between them had boiled away

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands:t5:o1:1
# text = The ocean between them had boiled away
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	between	between	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nmod	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	boiled	boil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **boil away** | past · perfect · passive |  | the ocean between them |  |  |  | away *property* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The continents were joined by a giant bridge of ice built across the open sea

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands:t5:o2:1
# text = The continents were joined by a giant bridge of ice built across the open sea
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	across	across	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | past · passive | a giant bridge of ice | the continents |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **build** | participle |  | ice *not said here* |  | the open sea |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sea was lower because so much water was frozen in ice sheets

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands:t5:o3:1
# text = The sea was lower because so much water was frozen in ice sheets
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	sheets	sheet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the sea |  |  |  |  | low *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **freeze** | past · passive |  | much water |  | ice sheets |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People could walk on the sea floor under water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands:t5:o4:1
# text = People could walk on the sea floor under water
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	under	under	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | could | People |  |  | the sea floor |  | under water | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on floor=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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