---
title: After a clear calm night, the grass is white with ice, but after a c… — Clouds, rain, snow and hail · tree and pragmatics
description: After a clear calm night, the grass is white with ice, but after a cloudy night it is only wet. Why? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 67 «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · Clouds, rain, snow and hail

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After a clear calm night, the grass is white with ice, but after a cloudy night it is only wet. Why?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** grass · **What happens:** be

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 67 «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* After a clear calm night, the grass is white with ice, but after a cloudy night it is only wet.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:67-clouds-rain-snow-hail:t4:1
# text = After a clear calm night, the grass is white with ice, but after a cloudy night it is only wet.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
15	after	after	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	cloudy	cloudy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	only	only	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the grass |  |  |  | night | with ice; white *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | grass |  |  |  | night | wet *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:67-clouds-rain-snow-hail:t4:2
# text = Why?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Without clouds the ground lost more heat and fell below freezing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:67-clouds-rain-snow-hail:t4:o1:1
# text = Without clouds the ground lost more heat and fell below freezing
1	Without	without	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	below	below	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	freezing	freezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | the ground | more heat |  |  |  | without clouds | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality |
| 2 | **fall** | past | the ground *not said here* |  |  | freezing |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme below freezing=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Moon freezes the grass on clear nights when there is no cloud to hide it

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:67-clouds-rain-snow-hail:t4:o2:1
# text = The Moon freezes the grass on clear nights when there is no cloud to hide it
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	freezes	freeze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	nights	night	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
10	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	11	expl	_	_
11	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
13	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	acl	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | present | the Moon | the grass |  |  | night |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient grass=Result |
| 2 | **be** | present | no cloud |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **hide** | to-infinitive | no cloud *not said here* | cloud |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clouds bring ice to the grass

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:67-clouds-rain-snow-hail:t4:o3:1
# text = Clouds bring ice to the grass
1	Clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bring	bring	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | present | Clouds | ice |  | the grass |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ice=Theme to grass=Destination |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cloudy nights are always colder

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:67-clouds-rain-snow-hail:t4:o4:1
# text = Cloudy nights are always colder
1	Cloudy	cloudy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	nights	night	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	colder	cold	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Cloudy nights |  |  |  |  | always, cold *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Clouds, rain, snow and hail, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/t3/)
- next →: [Clouds, rain, snow and hail, test 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/t5/)
- ↑ back to [Clouds, rain, snow and hail](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/)