---
title: Identify which of the following observations constitutes evidence th… — The shape and size of the Earth, the p… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify which of the following observations constitutes evidence that the surface of the Earth is curved. Exam question 4 of lesson 7 «The shape and size of the Earth, the poles and the equator» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question an
---

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# Exam question 4 · The shape and size of the Earth, the poles and the equator

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify which of the following observations constitutes evidence that the surface of the Earth is curved.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, constitutes evidence · **What happens:** identify, follow, curve · **To what, where:** observations, surface

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 7 «The shape and size of the Earth, the poles and the equator» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/7-shape-and-size-of-the-earth/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:7-shape-and-size-of-the-earth:e4:1
# text = Identify which of the following observations constitutes evidence that the surface of the Earth is curved.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	1	obj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
6	observations	observation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	constitutes	constitute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	compound	_	_
8	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent which=Theme |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund |  | observations |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent observation=Theme |
| 3 | **curve** | present · passive | the constitutes evidence *not said here* | the surface of the Earth |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: subject=Material |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A departing vessel remains visible indefinitely

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:7-shape-and-size-of-the-earth:e4:o1:1
# text = A departing vessel remains visible indefinitely
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	departing	depart	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	remains	remain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	indefinitely	indefinitely	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depart** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **remain** | present | a departing vessel |  |  |  |  | visible *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A departing vessel diminishes uniformly until invisible

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:7-shape-and-size-of-the-earth:e4:o2:1
# text = A departing vessel diminishes uniformly until invisible
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	departing	depart	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	diminishes	diminish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	uniformly	uniformly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	until	until	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	invisible	invisible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depart** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **diminish** | present | a departing vessel |  |  |  | until invisible | uniformly *property* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A departing vessel vanishes from the mast downward

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:7-shape-and-size-of-the-earth:e4:o3:1
# text = A departing vessel vanishes from the mast downward
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	departing	depart	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	vanishes	vanish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	mast	mast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	downward	downward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depart** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **vanish** | present | a departing vessel |  |  | the mast downward |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme from downward=Initial\_Location |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A departing vessel vanishes from the hull upward

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:7-shape-and-size-of-the-earth:e4:o4:1
# text = A departing vessel vanishes from the hull upward
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	departing	depart	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	vanishes	vanish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hull	hull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depart** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **vanish** | present | a departing vessel |  |  | the hull |  | upward *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme from hull=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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