--- title: Identify the means by which insects breathe. — Insects and spiders · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the means by which insects breathe. Exam question 2 of lesson 72 «Insects and spiders» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/72-insects-and-spiders/e2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [Insects and spiders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/72-insects-and-spiders/) / e2 # Exam question 2 · Insects and spiders Identify the means by which insects breathe. **Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, the, insects · **What happens:** identify, mean, breathe · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is exam question 2 of lesson 72 «Insects and spiders» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/72-insects-and-spiders/#e2). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:72-insects-and-spiders:e2:1 # text = Identify the means by which insects breathe. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 nsubj _ _ 3 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 ccomp _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 obl _ _ 6 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 7 breathe breathe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 8 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **mean** | present | the | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **breathe** | present | insects | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} Through the antennae alone ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:72-insects-and-spiders:e2:o1:1 # text = Through the antennae alone 1 Through through ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 antennae antennae NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 4 alone alone ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2} Through tiny holes along their bodies ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:72-insects-and-spiders:e2:o2:1 # text = Through tiny holes along their bodies 1 Through through ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 holes hole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 4 along along ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 bodies body NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 3 {#o3} Through gills tucked away behind the head ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:72-insects-and-spiders:e2:o3:1 # text = Through gills tucked away behind the head 1 Through through ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 gills gill NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 3 tucked tuck VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl _ _ 4 away away ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 behind behind ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tuck away** | participle | | gills *not said here* | | the head | | away *property* | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent behind head=Trajectory | ### Option 4 {#o4} Through a pair of lungs ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:72-insects-and-spiders:e2:o4:1 # text = Through a pair of lungs 1 Through through ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 pair pair NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 lungs lung NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Insects and spiders, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/72-insects-and-spiders/e1/) - next →: [Insects and spiders, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/72-insects-and-spiders/e3/) - ↑ back to [Insects and spiders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/72-insects-and-spiders/)