--- title: Identify the principal reason for which many of a bird's bones are h… — Birds: feathers, nests and flight · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal reason for which many of a bird's bones are hollow. Exam question 2 of lesson 73 «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/e2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [Birds: feathers, nests and flight](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/) / e2 # Exam question 2 · Birds: feathers, nests and flight Identify the principal reason for which many of a bird's bones are hollow. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, many · **What happens:** identify, be · **To what, where:** principal reason This is exam question 2 of lesson 73 «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/#e2). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:e2:1 # text = Identify the principal reason for which many of a bird's bones are hollow. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 14 obl _ _ 7 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 nsubj _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 11 's 's PART POS _ 10 case _ _ 12 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod _ _ 13 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 14 hollow hollow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 15 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | | 2 | **is** | present | many of a bird's bones | | | | | for the principal reason; hollow *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} It permits the bird to float upon water ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:e2:o1:1 # text = It permits the bird to float upon water 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 permits permit VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 float float VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 7 upon upon ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **permit** | present | It | the bird | | | | | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme | | 2 | **float** | to-infinitive | | | | water | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon water=Trajectory | ### Option 2 {#o2} It renders the bird warmer in winter ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:e2:o2:1 # text = It renders the bird warmer in winter 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 renders render VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 warmer warm ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 2 xcomp _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **render** | present | It | the bird | | | winter | warm *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme | ### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3} It renders the bird light for flight ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:e2:o3:1 # text = It renders the bird light for flight 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 renders render VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 for for ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 flight flight NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **render** | present | It | the bird light | | | | for flight | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme | ### Option 4 {#o4} It permits the bird to store water ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:e2:o4:1 # text = It permits the bird to store water 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 permits permit VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 store store VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 7 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **permit** | present | It | the bird | | | | | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme | | 2 | **store** | to-infinitive | | water | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Birds: feathers, nests and flight, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/e1/) - next →: [Birds: feathers, nests and flight, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/e3/) - ↑ back to [Birds: feathers, nests and flight](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/)